![]() ![]() Libby of American Cyanamid's research laboratories, at Stamford, Connecticut, announces a method of orally administering the antibiotic penicillin. January 31 – WWII: The Battle of Hill 170 in the Burma Campaign ends with the British 3rd Commando Brigade defeating the Imperial Japanese Army 54th Division, causing the Japanese Twenty-Eighth Army to withdraw from the Arakan Peninsula.įebruary 19 – During the Battle of Iwo Jima, U.S.Adolf Hitler makes his last public speech, on broadcast radio, expressing the belief that Germany will triumph.Raid at Cabanatuan: 121 American soldiers and 800 Filipino guerrillas free 813 American prisoners of war from the Japanese-held camp in the city of Cabanatuan, in the Philippines.MV Wilhelm Gustloff, with over 10,000 mainly civilian Germans from Gotenhafen ( Gdynia) is sunk in Gdańsk Bay by three torpedoes from Soviet submarine S-13 in the Baltic Sea up to 9,400, 5,000 of whom are children, are thought to have died – the greatest loss of life in a single ship sinking in history.January 27 – The Holocaust: The Soviet Red Army liberates the Auschwitz and Birkenau concentration camps.Army Staff Sergeant Audie Murphy sees action at Holtzwihr, France, for which is awarded the Medal of Honor. ![]() Morton is the only Allied correspondent to be executed by the Axis during the war. January 24 – WWII: AP war correspondent Joseph Morton, nine OSS men, and four SOE agents are executed by the Germans at Mauthausen concentration camp under Hitler's Commando Order of 1942, which stipulates the immediate execution of all captured Allied commandos or saboteurs without trial, even those in proper uniforms.German Grand Admiral Karl Dönitz orders the start of Operation Hannibal, the mass evacuation by sea of German troops and civilians from the Courland Pocket, East Prussia and the Polish Corridor, evacuating an estimated 800,000-900,000 German civilians and 350,000 soldiers from advancing Soviet forces. ![]() Hungary agrees to an armistice with the Allies.At dawn the station is reached by Soviet Army infantry and tanks which destroy the station, killing between 140 and 150 people. January 21– 22 (night) – At the Grünhagen railroad station, located in East Prussia at this date, two trains, heading for Elbing, collide.Germany begins the Evacuation of East Prussia.Roosevelt is sworn in for a fourth term as President of the United States, the only President ever to exceed two terms. January 19 – The Holocaust: Soviet forces liberate the Łódź Ghetto only 877 Jews of the initial population of 164,000 remain at this time.The 7,000 too sick to move are left without supplies being distributed. Nearly 60,000 prisoners, mostly Jews, are forced to march to other locations in Germany as many as 15,000 die. January 18 – The Holocaust: The SS begins the evacuation of Auschwitz concentration camp.The Holocaust: Swedish diplomat Raoul Wallenberg, who has saved thousands of Jews, is taken into custody by a Soviet patrol during the Siege of Budapest and is never again seen publicly. ![]()
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